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Microscopic and surface analytical characterization of TiO2 nanotubes produced by anodic oxidation and thermal treatment |
| Marcin Pisarek 1,2, Agata Roguska 1, Andrzej Kudelski 3, Maciej M. Spychalski 1, Malgorzata Lewandowska 1, Maria Janik-Czachor 2, Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski 1 |
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1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering (InMat), Wołoska 141, Warszawa 02-507, Poland |
| Abstract |
Titanium oxide nanotube arrays were fabricated in a mixture of glycerol, deionized water and low concentration solution of NH4F (0.86 wt. %). Well-ordered nanotube arrays of titania ~1.0 µm high and about 100-120 nm in diameter have been prepared via electrochemical oxidation at constant voltage (25V). SEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, AES and XPS surface analytical techniques were used to characterize the self-organized porous layers, and the effect of annealing at 200 – 600oC on their morphology, structure and mechanical stability. Our results show, that the nanotubular structure was stable within the temperature range from 200oC up to 600oC, but their crystallographic structure changed from amorphous, via anatase to the rutile phase. |