Guided Tissue Regeneration is a technique, which promotes by the interposition of a membrane the proliferation of the periodontal cells. The results of this technique are limited by the bacterial contamination of the membranes. The evaluation of the polymerization and grafting conditions on the membranes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and maltodextrin (MD) was performed to select the parameters of time and temperature of polymerization. Under the optimal conditions, a grafting rate of 12% of the weight of the membrane was obtained. The physical and chemical analyses showed that the Chlorhexidine-Diglyconate (dig-CHX) formed inclusion complexes with the β-CD and the maltodextrin. The in vitro studies of the dig-CHX release showed that β-CD prolonged the release duration and increased the released quantity. The biological tests showed a good biological tolerance with regard to polymers of β-CD and MD, and of the membranes functionalized by CD and MD.

The impregnation of the membranes by dig-CHX leads to an increase of the toxicity in cell cultures of the membranes proportionally to the quantity of the dig-CHX incorporated. Only weakly toxic amounts of dig-CHX for different cell types were selected according to the clinical application and to the biological results. These incorporated dig-CHX concentrations appeared to be ineffective in microbiological assays. The use of β-CD or MD provides new means to improve the release kinetics of bioactive molecules, but the use of the CHX does not seem suitable to impregnate RTG membranes.

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