Since the mid-1990’s the fabrication of bulk nanostructured metals and alloys using severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been evolving as a rapidly advancing direction of modern materials science that is aimed at developing materials with new mechanical and functional properties for advanced applications. The principle of these developments is based on grain refinement down to the nanoscale level by various SPD techniques. However, within recent years SPD techniques have been applied for producing bulk nanomaterials using some other principles, namely, SPD-consolidation of powders, including nanostructured ones, as well as SPD-induced nanocrystallization of initially amorphous alloys. This paper is focused on investigations and development of these new SPD processing routes enabling fabrication of fully dense nanocrystalline metals and alloys with a mean grain size of 20-30 nm and homogenous microstructures. We consider physical principles of these routes and present results on the microstructural characterization of several nanocrystalline materials produced as well as on studies of their unique properties.

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