Application of small (6 to 8 shells) carbon nano-onions modified with the carboxylate groups (ox-CNOs) in biosensor construction were performed. Main attention is paid to study the ability of modified CNOs to interact with other functionalized biologically active compounds.

Carbon nano-onions were prepared and functionalized with carboxylic group by chemical oxidation and by pegylation using method applied by Lieber et al. for surface modification of SWNTs.¹ These nanostructures after functionalization become soluble in aqueous solutions. MTS test showed excellent cytocompatibility of all CNOs tested at 30 and 3000 μg/ml. Therefore these carbon nanostructures can be safely used for intended biological applications. For the first time covalent functionalization of ox-CNOs with biomolecules has been reported. It was used biotin-avidin interaction. The oxidized CNOs particles were immobilized by amidation reaction on Au surface.

Multilayers were prepared on gold surface by layer-by-layer assembly method and the process was monitored by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with total attenuated reflactance mode (FT-IR/HATR) were also used to characterize the multilayer formation. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed covalent linkage between interacting molecules.

In conclusion, functionalized small CNOs (5-6nm) can be potentially used for developing chemical sensors and biosensors.

[1]  Wong, S.; Woolley, A.; Joselevich, E.; Cheung, C.; Lieber, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8557

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