It is well known that gas-phase magnetic transition metal nanoparticles have enhanced magnetic moments and novel internal spin arrangements. It is also known that enhanced moments are preserved in isolated particles if they are supported on a surface or embedded in a matrix. Several experiments using XMCD have revealed that a significant proportion of the increased total moment arises from orbital magnetism. As the flux from cluster sources has increased to the point where thin films of clusters can be deposited in short times, it has become a goal of cluster-assembly to produce usable magnetic materials whose magnetisation exceeds that of conventional alloys. This inevitably involves embedding the nanoparticles at high volume fractions within a matrix of a different material but the behaviour of dense interacting assemblies of nanoparticles is less well understood than the isolated particles. The effect of dipolar and exchange interactions between the clusters radically modifies the behaviour of the film. In addition the embedding matrix can change the atomic structure of the clusters and modify their behaviour. The talk will show how the magnetic properties of thin films of clusters embedded in various matrices develops as the volume fraction and hence the inter-particle interaction increases from the isolated cluster limit to pure cluster films. The possibility of producing materials whose flux density exceeds the Slater-Pauling limit will be discussed from various approaches.

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